Optimizing ChatGPT as a Scaffolding Tool for Arabic Text Comprehension: Evidence from Islamic Higher Education
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Arabic text comprehension is essential in Islamic higher education, yet many students struggle to understand Arabic texts. This study examines how ChatGPT functions as a scaffolding tool for Arabic reading comprehension, focusing on students’ engagement patterns, scaffolding roles, and perceived impact on comprehension. Using an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design, data were collected from 37 undergraduate students through a structured questionnaire and supplemented by phenomenological interviews, participatory observation, and documentation. Quantitative data were analysed using frequencies, percentages, mean scores, and descriptive comparisons across prior ChatGPT-use groups, while qualitative data were analysed using Colaizzi’s seven-step procedure. Findings indicate that ChatGPT functions as a moderate and selective scaffolding tool. Its perceived support was strongest for adaptive explanations and contextual meaning (mean 2.51) and weaker for nahwu and sharf (means 2.05–2.08). Students also reported faster comprehension and easier vocabulary access, but noted inaccurate responses requiring verification. Overall, the findings suggest that ChatGPT is perceived as more useful for contextual and lexical support than for technical grammatical assistance and should be used with critical verification.
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